Lesson 36. Singular and plural nouns

The topic of this lesson is the singular and plural of nouns.

Rule 1: masculine nouns ending in the singular with a consonant other than -й, -ж, -ш, -ч, -щ, -г, -к, -х, and feminine nouns receive the ending -Ы in the plural.

“архитектор” architect (sing. m.) → “архитекторы” architects (pl.);
“программист” programmer ( m.) → programmers (pl.);
медсестра – nurse (sing. f.) → медсёстры nurses ();
учительница teacher (sing. f.) → учительницы teachers (pl.).

Rule 2: singular masculine nouns on -й, -ж, -ш, -ч, -щ, -г, -к, -х, -ь, -я, и ж. р. на -ж, -ш, -ч, щ, -г, -к, -х + A and on -ь, -я, get the ending -И.

Биолог biologist (m.) → биологи biologists;

врач physician () → врачи physicians;
политик politician () → политики politicians;
преподаватель teacher (m.) → преподаватели teachers;
тетя aunt (f.) → тети aunts;
спортсменка sportswomаn (f.) → спортсменки sportswomen;
кровать bed (f.) → кровати beds.

Rule 3: essence. The neuter gender on -o is received in plural ending -A, with ending -e in singular ending –Я in plural.

окно window → окна window;
озеро lake → озёра lakes;
море sea → моря seas.

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